Serious doubts about the widely used material started to surface over a decade ago, when people complained of headaches and dizziness after smelling the pungently chemical odor of their new PVC shower curtains. “We found that one new curtain on its own can release over 100 chemicals into indoor air, some of them persisting in the air for at least 28 days,” Schade, who is now a campaign director at Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families, tells mbg. The shower curtains had low levels of chemicals associated with everything from endocrine disruption1 to respiratory issues. All of them also contained phthalates: hormone disrupters that are known to linger in the environment. The 2008 study only tested how the shower curtains affected the surrounding air when dry—not when exposed to hot, humid temperatures like they would be in an actual shower. Schade predicts that these conditions could only stir up more toxicity. “I think there’s a very good chance that vinyl shower curtains—even after you’ve had one in your home for months—continue to off-gas and release phthalates… Research has shown that heat and humidity can increase the release of chemicals from PVC products.” There are also environmental concerns associated with PVC across every stage of the material’s life cycle. “When they’re manufactured, they can pose significant risks to the workers and communities where they’re made. When they’re used in homes, they can be a significant source of indoor air pollution. And finally, when they’re disposed of in landfills or incinerators, [they can release] dioxins that are considered the most toxic man-made chemical on the planet.” Though many companies did vow to ban or decrease sales of PVC shower curtains following the 2008 report, Schade says he does still see them on shelves, especially at budget retailers like dollar stores. Instead, Tasha Stoiber Ph.D., a senior scientist at the Environmental Working Group who specializes in environmental chemistry, opts for curtains and liners made from natural materials, or polyesters. PEVA and EVA are two more materials often used as liners. While Stoiber notes these are not a perfect solution (they can still off-gas, as shown by this study on blackworms2), they don’t have as many toxicity concerns as PVC. To recap, here are some cleaner materials to bathe in: Once a month, wash your curtain on a high-heat setting and be sure it air dries completely before getting wet again. This will help prevent mold and mildew from forming. One last bathroom best practice: Be sure to keep your humidity in check after you run your shower. “Ventilating your bathroom is always important,” says Stoiber. “Open the window, turn on the fan, and make sure your bathroom dries out. Remove that moisture to make sure your shower curtain can dry.” Emma received her B.A. in Environmental Science & Policy with a specialty in environmental communications from Duke University. In addition to penning over 1,000 mbg articles on topics from the water crisis in California to the rise of urban beekeeping, her work has appeared on Grist, Bloomberg News, Bustle, and Forbes. She’s spoken about the intersection of self-care and sustainability on podcasts and live events alongside environmental thought leaders like Marci Zaroff, Gay Browne, and Summer Rayne Oakes.
